Washington State Zoning Changes
By: Brad Crandell MBA, MSPM
The Washington State House of Representatives made a significant move this week in the realm of housing policy, passing a bill that would prohibit single-family zoning. This bill, known as HB 1220, would enable a wider range of housing options to be constructed in neighborhoods that are currently restricted to single-family homes.
Single-family zoning has long been a contentious issue in many American cities, with critics arguing that it exacerbates housing affordability and segregation. The traditional model of single-family homes on large lots has become increasingly unattainable for many families due to rising housing costs, while at the same time limiting opportunities for low-income households and people of color to live in desirable neighborhoods. Proponents of single-family zoning, however, maintain that it preserves the character of neighborhoods and protects property values.
Washington State’s proposed bill is part of a growing nationwide movement to challenge single-family zoning as a housing policy. Oregon was the first state to pass a similar law in 2019, which legalized duplexes, triplexes, and fourplexes in areas zoned for single-family homes. California and Minneapolis soon followed, with similar legislation. The movement gained further momentum when presidential candidate Joe Biden pledged to incentivize states and localities to eliminate exclusionary zoning policies if elected.
Washington’s proposed law takes it a step further by banning single-family zoning entirely, allowing up to four units to be built on any residential lot. The bill’s supporters argue that it will help to create more affordable housing options and increase the state’s housing supply, making it easier for people to live near their work or their children’s schools. The bill also includes provisions to protect existing renters from displacement and requires local governments to include affordable housing in new developments.
Opponents of the bill argue that it undermines property rights and would lead to overcrowding and decreased quality of life in residential neighborhoods. Some also worry that the bill could lead to increased gentrification and displacement of low-income and historically marginalized communities. Others fear the change would increase crime, lower property values, would add to already over crowded neighborhoods, and increase parking on public streets. Some think the zoning will do little to help the homeless.
The bill still needs to pass the state Senate before becoming law, As housing affordability continues to be a pressing issue in many parts of the country, it will be interesting to see how other states and localities respond to the growing call to challenge single-family zoning as a housing policy.